Skip to content
Prologue
Amos, J. (2007, July 18). Megaflood ‘made Island Britain’ . BBC News website.http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6904675.stm
BBC Radio 4 (2007, June 28). In Our Time: The Permian-Triassic Boundary . BBC website.http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007r285
BBC Radio 4 (2009, October 22). In Our Time: The Geological Formation of Britain . BBC website.http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00n8t48
Benton, M.J. (2008). The History of Life: a very short introduction . Oxford University Press.
Rowan, C. (2009, January 13). Supercontinent cycles 3, Expanding Earth 0 . Highly Allochthonous website.http://all-geo.org/highlyallochthonous/2009/01/supercontinent-cycles-3-expanding-earth-0/
Shepherd, R. How Great Britain Formed . Discovering Fossils website.http://www.discoveringfossils.co.uk/how_britain_formed.htm
Toghill, P. (2000). The Geology of Britain: An Introduction . Airlife Books.
Wikipedia. Caledonian orogeny .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonian_orogeny
Introduction
Pliny the Younger (c. 100). Epistulae (Letters), Book 1, Letter 6. (Quoted from memory, but widely available online.)
1. Niche
Burkhardt, F.H. & Smith, S., eds. (1989). The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 5, 1851–1855 . Cambridge University Press.
Burkhardt, F.H. & Smith, S., eds. (1990). The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 6, 1856–1857 . Cambridge University Press.
Burkhardt, F.H. & Smith, S., eds. (1991). The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 7, 1858–1859 . Cambridge University Press.
Darwin, C.R. (1881). The Autobiography of Charles Darwin. The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (Darwin, F., ed., 1887).http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2010/2010-h/2010-h.htm
Desmond, A. & Moore, J. (1991). Darwin . Michael Joseph.
Gould, S.J. (1980). Darwin's Middle Road. The Panda's Thumb: More Reflections in Natural History . Penguin.
2. Urnfield
Barbour, R. (2013). Sir Thomas Browne: a life . Oxford University Press.
Breathnach, C.S. (2005). Sir Thomas Browne (1605–1682). Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine , January 2005, vol. 98 no. 1 33-36.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1079241/
Browne, T. (1658). Hydriotaphia Urn Burial; or, a discourse of the sepulchral urns lately found in Norfolk. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne, vol. 3 (Sayle, C., ed., 1907).http://www.gutenberg.org/files/39962/39962-h/39962-h.htm#HYDRIOTAPHIA
Browne, T. (1672). Pseudodoxia Epidemica (6th edition). The Works of Sir Thomas Browne, vols. 1–3 (Sayle, C., ed., 1904-07).http://www.gutenberg.org/files/39960/39960-h/39960-h.htm#PSEUDODOXIA_EPIDEMICA
Browne, T. (1682). Religio Medici. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne, vol. 1 (Sayle, C., ed., 1904).http://www.gutenberg.org/files/39960/39960-h/39960-h.htm#RELIGIO_MEDICI
Butler, J. (2003). Life of Sir Thomas Browne. Luminarium , 30 January, 2003.http://www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/browne/brownebio.htm
Calderdale Council. Register of Ancient Monuments, Reference number 1018234: Enclosed Bronze Age Urnfield .http://www.calderdale.gov.uk/environment/conservation/ancient-monuments/monuments-full.jsp?propno=HSVM43DWL2000
Darwin, C.R. (1859). On the Origin of Species , 1st ed., ch. 13. John Murray.http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1228/1228-h/1228-h.htm
Dickey, C. (2007). The Fate of His Bones. Cabinet magazine, Issue 28, ‘Bones’, Winter 2007/08.http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/28/dickey.php
Dickey, C. (2009). Cranioklepty: Grave Robbing and the Search for Genius . Unbridled Books.
Ellis, P.B. (1990) The Celtic Empire: the First Millennium of Celtic History 1000BC–51AD . Guild Publishing.
Gould, S.J. (2002). Age-Old Fallacies of Thinking and Stinking. I Have Landed: Splashes and Reflections in Natural History . Jonathan Cape.
Gregory, T. (2013). They rudely stare about. London Review of Books , vol. 35 no. 13, 4 July 2013.http://www.lrb.co.uk/v35/n13/tobias-gregory/they-rudely-stare-about
Manco, J. (2013). Ancestral Journeys: the peopling of Europe from the first venturers to the Vikings . Thames & Hudson.
Osler, W. (1906). The Religio Medici. The Library , vol. VII.https://archive.org/details/nslibrarythe07libruoft
Robbins, R.H. (2004). Browne, Sir Thomas (1605–1682), physician and author. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Oxford University Press.http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3702
Sebald, W.G. (2002). The Rings of Saturn . Vintage.
Wikipedia. Urnfield culture .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urnfield_culture
3. In the Clouds
Dawkins, R. (2004). The Ancestor’s Tale: a pilgrimage to the dawn of life . Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
Galis, F., Kundrát, M. & Sinervo, B. (2003). An old controversy solved: bird embryos have five fingers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol. 18 no. 1 January 2003.
Roberts, A. (2011). Origins of Us , episode 1. BBC Television.http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b013gmh1/episodes/guide
Schwab, I.R. & Maggs, D. (2004). The falcon’s stoop. British Journal of Ophthalmology , Jan 2004; 88(1): 4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1771963/
Shubin, N. (2008). Your Inner Fish: a journey into the 3.5 billion-year history of the human body . Allen Lane.
Tucker, V.A. (2000). The deep fovea, sideways vision and spiral flight paths in raptors. Journal of Experimental Biology , 2000 Dec; 203(Pt 24):3745-54.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11076738
Tucker, V.A., Tucker, A.E., Akers, K. & Enderson, J.H. (2000). Curved flight paths and sideways vision in peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus). Journal of Experimental Biology , 2000 Dec; 203(Pt 24):3755-63.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11076739
4. White-arse
Bairlein, F., Norris, D.R., Nagel, R., Bulte, M., Voigt, C.C., Fox, J.W., Hussell, D.J.T. & Schmaljohann, H. (2012). Cross-hemisphere migration of a 25 g songbird. Biology Letters of the Royal Society . doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.1223http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2012/02/13/rsbl.2011.1223
Big Chief I-SPY (a.k.a. Warrell, C.) (1972). I-SPY Birds. Dickens Press.
Cocker, M. & Mabey, R. (2005). Birds Britannica . Chatto & Windus.
Defoe, D. (1724). Letter II, Containing a Description of the Sea-Coasts of Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, and of Part of Surrey. A tour thro’ the whole island of Great Britain, divided into circuits or journies .https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/d/defoe/daniel/britain/
Gill, V. (2012, February 15). Tiny songbird northern wheatear traverses the world . BBC Nature website.http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/17027565
Hudson, W.H. (1900). Nature in Downland .http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0300651.txt
Newton, I. (2010). Bird Migration . Collins.
Swift, J. (1746). Directions to Servants in General , 5th ed.http://jonathanswiftarchive.org.uk/search/text_4_18_5.html?page=d2e780
White, G. (1789). The Natural History of Selbourne , Letter XIII.http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1408
5. Trig Point
Bench Mark Database.http://www.bench-marks.org.uk/
Christie, Th. (2012, May 25). Mapping the history of triangulation. The Renaissance Mathematicus website.http://thonyc.wordpress.com/2012/05/25/mapping-the-history-of-triangulation/
Crane, N. (1999). Two Degrees West: an English journey . Viking.
FitzRoy, R. (1839). Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty’s Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle’s circumnavigation of the globe. Vol. II: Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. Colburn.http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.2&viewtype=text&pageseq=1
Hewitt, R. (2010). Map of a Nation: a biography of the Ordnance Survey. Granta.
Trigpointing UK website.http://trigpointing.uk
Walkup, N. (2005). Eratosthenes and the Mystery of the Stades . Mathematical Association of America website.http://www.maa.org/publications/periodicals/convergence/eratosthenes-and-the-mystery-of-the-stades-introduction
Wikipedia. Great Trigonometrical Survey .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Trigonometrical_Survey
Wikipedia. Principal Triangulation of Great Britain .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_Triangulation_of_Great_Britain
Wikipedia. Retriangulation of Great Britain .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retriangulation_of_Great_Britain
Wikipedia. Thales .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thales
Wikipedia. Triangulation station. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation_station
Wikipedia. Triangulation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation
6. Grouse
Avery, M. (2015). Inglorious: conflict in the uplands . Bloomsbury.
Bircham, P. (2007). A History of Ornithology . Collins.
Cherry-Garrard, A. (1922). The Worst Journey in the World: Antarctic 1910–1913 . Picador Travel Classics edition (1994).
Darwin, C.R. (1859). On the Origin of Species , 1st ed. John Murray.http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1228/1228-h/1228-h.htm
Darwin, C.R. (1881). The Autobiography of Charles Darwin. The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (Darwin, F., ed., 1887).http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2010/2010-h/2010-h.htm
Edward Wilson of the Antarctic website.http://www.edwardawilson.com/
Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911). Grouse .http://www.theodora.com/encyclopedia/g2/grouse.html
MacIntyre, D. (1918). Heather and Grouse Disease. British Birds , vol. 12, no. 3, p.53–60.http://www.britishbirds.co.uk/article/heather-and-grouse-disease/
Pero, T. (1999, January 08). Poet, pike and a pitiful grouse . Extract of an article in Wild Steelhead & Salmon magazine, Guardian website.http://www.theguardian.com/books/1999/jan/08/tedhughes
Rogers, K. (2011, June 22). The Rise and Fall of the Canada Lynx and Snowshoe Hare. Encyclopaedia Britannica blog.http://blogs.britannica.com/2011/06/rise-fall-canada-lynx-snowshoe-hare/
Stenseth, N.C., Falck, W., Bjørnstad O.N., & Krebs, C.J. (1997). Population regulation in snowshoe hare and Canadian lynx: Asymmetric food web configurations between hare and lynx. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , PNAS 1997 94 (10) 5147-5152.http://www.pnas.org/content/94/10/5147.full
Wikipedia. Edward Adrian Wilson .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adrian_Wilson
Wilkins, J.S. (2009). Defining Species: a sourcebook from antiquity to today . Peter Lang.
Wilkins, J.S. (2010, October 20). How many species concepts are there? Guardian, GrrlScientist blog.http://www.theguardian.com/science/punctuated-equilibrium/2010/oct/20/3
7. Flora
Boulter, C.J., Reiss, M.J. & Sanders, D.L., eds. (2014). Darwin-Inspired Learning. Sense.
CBOL Plant Working Group (2009). A DNA barcode for land plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 106 (31) 12794-12797. doi:10.1073/pnas.0905845106http://www.pnas.org/content/106/31/12794.full
Darwin, C.R. letter to J.D. Hooker, 6 September [1860]. Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 2908” .http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2908.xml
Darwin, C.R. letter to J.D. Hooker, 29 July [1860]. Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 2880” .http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2880.xml
Darwin, C.R. (1875). Insectivorous Plants . John Murray.http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1217&viewtype=text&pageseq=1
Darwin, E. (1791). The Botanic Garden, Part II, Containing The Loves of the Plants, a Poem, with Philosophical Notes. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10671
James, K. (2014, December 8). “Hurrah! Hurrah!” DNA barcoding and the lost story of Darwin’s meadow. Molecular Ecologist blog:http://www.molecularecologist.com/2014/12/hurrah-hurrah-dna-barcoding-and-the-lost-story-of-darwins-meadow/
King-Hele, D. (1999). Erasmus Darwin: A life of unequalled achievement . DLM.
Litchfield, H., ed. (1904). Emma Darwin, wife of Charles Darwin. A century of family letters, Volume 2 , Cambridge University Press.http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?keywords=reminiscences%20francis%20darwin&pageseq=258&itemID=F1552.2&viewtype=text
Uglow, J. (2002). The Lunar Men: the friends who made the future . Faber & Faber
University of California Museum of Paleontolgy website. Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) .http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html
Wikipedia. Carl Linnaeus .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus
Wikipedia. The Botanic Garden .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Botanic_Garden
Wikipedia. Linnaean taxonomy .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy
8. Tea break
BBC Radio 4 (2004, December 16). In Our Time: The Second Law of Thermodynamics . BBC website.http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p004y2bm
Braterman, P. (2014, January 27). Kelvin, Rutherford, and the Age of the Earth: I, The Myth. 3 Quarks Daily website.http://www.3quarksdaily.com/3quarksdaily/2014/01/kelvin-rutherford-and-the-age-of-the-earth-i-the-myth.html
Darwin, C.R. (1859). On the Origin of Species , 1st ed., ch. 9. John Murray.http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1228/1228-h/1228-h.htm
Darwin, C.R. letter to J. D. Hooker, [28 February 1866]. Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 5020” .http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-5020.xml
Darwin, C.R. letter to Charles Kingsley, 10 June [1867]. Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 5567” .http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-5567.xml
Darwin, C.R. letter to Charles Pritchard, 12 October [1866]. Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 5240” .http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-5240.xml
Stacey, F.D. (2000). Kelvin’s age of the Earth paradox revisited. Journal of Geophysical Research , vol. 105, no. B6, pp. 13,155–13,158.http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~rcoe/eart206/Stacey_Kelvin_JGR00.pdf
Wikipedia. Entropy .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy
Wikipedia. Introduction to entropy .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_entropy
Wikipedia. Second Law of Thermodynamics .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics
Wikipedia. Sir James Dewar .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_James_Dewar
9. Heather
10. Identity Crisis
11. Snow
12. Drumming
Cocker, M. & Mabey, R. (2005). Birds Britannica . Chatto & Windus.
Darwin, C.R. letter to Asa Gray, 3 April [1860]. Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 2743” .https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2743.xml
Darwin, C.R. (1871). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex . London: John Murray.
Darwin, C.R. (1881). The Autobiography of Charles Darwin. The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (Darwin, F., ed., 1887).http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2010/2010-h/2010-h.htm
Jones, A.G. & and Ratterman, N.L. (2009). Mate choice and sexual selection: What have we learned since Darwin? PNAS 2009 106 (Supplement 1) 10001-10008. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901129106http://www.pnas.org/content/106/Supplement_1/10001.full
van Casteren A., Codd J.R., Gardiner J.D., McGhie H., & Ennos A.R. (2010). Sonation in the male common snipe (Capella gallinago gallinago L.) is achieved by a flag-like fluttering of their tail feathers and consequent vortex shedding. The Journal of Experimental Biology 213, 1602-1608. doi:10.1242/jeb.034207https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20400646
Wolley, J. (1858). On the Snipes’ “Neighing” or Humming Noise, and on its Tail-Feathers’ Systematic Value. By W. Meves, Conservator at the Zoological Riks-Museum in Stockholm. Translated and Communicated. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Vol. 26, Iss. 1. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1858.tb06364.xhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1858.tb06364.x/epdf
13. On the Level
14. Shafts
Bateman, J.F. & Rèvy, J.J. (1869). Channel Railway: description of a proposed cast-iron tube for carrying a railway across the Channel between the coasts of England and France . Vacher & Sons.https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=crEpAAAAYAAJ&hl=en
British Listed Buildings website. Ventilation Shaft for Castle Carr Tunnel 400 Metres East of Weavers Gate Footpath, Wadsworth .http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-425148-ventilation-shaft-for-castle-carr-tunnel
Burkhardt, F.H. et al., eds. (2002). The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 13: 1865, Appendix IV: Note on Darwin’s health . Cambridge University Press.
Darwin, C.R. letter to J. D. Hooker, [29 April 1857]. Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 2084” .http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2084.xml
Desmond, A. & Moore, J. (1991). Darwin . Michael Joseph.
Dodge, M. & Perkins, C. (2010). Maps, Memories and Manchester: The Cartographic Imagination of the Hidden Networks of the Hydraulic City . Paper for Mapping, Memory and the City: An International Interdisciplinary Conference, University of Liverpool, 25-26th February 2010.http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/Dodge_Perkins-Hydraulic_City_submitted.pdf
Hughes, Ted (1994). Widdop. Elmet . Faber and Faber.
Russell, P. (2004). Bateman, John Frederic La Trobe (1810–1889), civil engineer. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Oxford University Press.http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/1668
Summerscale, K. (2012). Mrs Robinson’s Disgrace: the private diary of a Victorian lady . Bloomsbury.
Wikipedia. Moor Park, Farnham .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moor_Park,_Farnham
15. Skull
Darwin, C.R. letter to Charles Lyell, [10 December 1859]. Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 2575” .http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2575.xml
Huxley, T.H. letter to Charles Darwin, 23 November 1859. Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 2544” .http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2544.xml
Kingsley, C. (1863). The Water-Babies .http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1018
Masefield, J. (1929). The Dead Knight. The Story of a Round House and Other Poems .http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40717
Owen, R. (1849). On the Nature of Limbs: a discourse . University of Chicago Press reprint (2007), with introductory essays by Amundson, R., et al.
Owen, R. (1860). [Review of ‘On the Origin of Species’ & other works.] Edinburgh Review 111: 487-532.http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A30&pageseq=1
Rupke, N. (1994). Richard Owen: Victorian Naturalist . Yale.
Wikipedia. Homology (biology) .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology_%28biology%29
Wikipedia. Skull .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skull
Zimmer, C. (2014, September 5). The Erotic Endurance of Whale Hips . The Loom blog.http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2014/09/05/the-erotic-endurance-of-whale-hips/
16. Wet
BBC Radio 4 (2013, January 17). In Our Time: Comets . BBC website.http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01pw38n
Harder, B. (2010, November 8). Earth contains a vast amount of water, but scientists are unsure of its origins . Washington Post website.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/08/AR2010110804478.html
Kluger, J. (2011, October 11). New Proof That Comets Watered the Earth . Time website.http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2096512,00.html
Morelle, R. (2014, December 10). Rosetta results: Comets ‘did not bring water to Earth’ . BBC News website.http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30414519
Palmer, J. (2011, October 6). Comet’s water ‘like that of Earth’s oceans’ . BBC News website.http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-15181123
Sample, I. (2014, December 11). Rosetta discovers water on comet 67p like nothing on Earth . Guardian website.http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/dec/10/water-comet-67p-earth-rosetta
Wikipedia. Late Heavy Bombardment .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Heavy_Bombardment
17. Rooks
Cocker, M. & Mabey, R. (2005). Birds Britannica . Chatto & Windus.
Goldsmith, O. (18xx). A History of the Earth and Animated Nature , vol. II, Part Third: Birds . A Fullarton and Co. (undated, posthumous edition).
Great Britain (1817). The Statutes of the Realm: Printed by Command of His Majesty King George the Third, in Pursuance of an Address of the House of Commons of Great Britain. From Original Records and Authentic Manuscripts, Volume 3 . Dawsons of Pall Mall.https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=B7o4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA425
Jesse, E. (1834). Gleanings in Natural History: second series to which are added some extracts from the unpublished mss. of the late Mr. White of Selborne . John Murray.https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iQQQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA171
Morelle, R. (2009, May 26). Rooks reveal remarkable tool-use . BBC News website.http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8059688.stm
Shakespeare, W. (1623). Macbeth .http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2264
Virgil (29 BCE). The Georgics , part I.http://classics.mit.edu/Virgil/georgics.1.i.html
White, G. (1775). Journal entry for January 20, 1775 . Natural History of Selborne website.http://naturalhistoryofselborne.com/1775/01/20/january-20-1775/
White, G. (1789). The Natural History of Selbourne , Letter XIII to Thomas Pennant, Esq.http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1408
Witherby, H.F. (1963). The Sequence of Plumages of the Rook, With Special Reference to the Moult of the “Face”. British Birds , vol. 7, no. 5, p.126–139.http://www.britishbirds.co.uk/article/the-sequence-of-plumages-of-the-rook-with-special-reference-to-the-moult-of-the-face/
18. Ice
Brock, W.H. (2004). Tyndall, John (1820–1893), physicist and mountaineer. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Oxford University Press.http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/27948
New York Times (1893, December 25). Mrs. Tyndall’s Fatal Error .http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F00E4D9173EEF33A25756C2A9649D94629ED7CF
Royal Institution website. Interactive Timeline: John Tyndall. http://rigb.org/our-history/history-of-research/john-tyndall-timeline
Royal Institution website. John Tyndall's radiant heat apparatus. http://rigb.org/our-history/iconic-objects/iconic-objects-list/tyndall-radiant-heat
Tyndall, J. (1874). Address Delivered Before the British Association Assembled at Belfast, With Additions . Longmans, Green, and Co.http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=1&itemID=A12&viewtype=text
Tyndall, J. (1879). On Radiation. Fragments of Science: A Series of Detached Essays, Addresses, and Reviews , vol. 1, 6th ed. Longmans, Green, and Co.http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/24527
White, G. (1775). Journal entry for January 20, 1775 . Natural History of Selborne website.http://naturalhistoryofselborne.com/1775/01/20/january-20-1775/
Wikipedia. Glaze ice .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaze_ice
Wikipedia. Greenhouse effect .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect
Wikipedia. Tyndall’s Setup For Measuring Radiant Heat Absorption By Gases .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tyndalls_setup_for_measuring_radiant_heat_absorption_by_gases_annotated.jpg
Wikipedia. X Club .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Club
19. St David’s Day
Beeton, I. (1861). Lark Pie (an entree). Beeton’s Book of Household Management .http://www.mrsbeeton.com/21-chapter21.html#971
Cocker, M. & Mabey, R. (2005). Birds Britannica . Chatto & Windus.
Cresswell, W. (1994). Song as a pursuit-deterrent signal, and its occurrence relative to other anti-predation behaviours of skylark (Alauda arvensis) on attack by merlins (Falco columbarius). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol. 34, iss.3, pp. 217-223. doi:10.1007/BF00167747http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00167747
Darwin, C.R. (1871). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex . John Murray.http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_TheDescentofMan.html
Fletcher, P. (2004). World Musics in Context: A Comprehensive Survey of the World’s Major Musical Cultures . Oxford University Press.
Telegraph (2009, April 13). The Lark Ascending is Britain’s favourite piece of classical music .http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/classicalmusic/5148060/The-Lark-Ascending-is-Britains-favourite-piece-of-classical-music.html
Wilton, J. (2007, January 21). The Remarkable Sounds of Birds . ezine Articles website.http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Remarkable-Sounds-of-Birds&id=694601
20. Sky
Black, R. (2012, January 30). Volcanic origin for Little Ice Age . BBC News website.http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16797075
Brock, W.H. (2004). Tyndall, John (1820–1893), physicist and mountaineer. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Oxford University Press.http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/27948
Darwin, C.R. (1846). An Account of the Fine Dust which often Falls on Vessels in the Atlantic Ocean. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London . http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1672&pageseq=1
Koren, I., Kaufman, Y.J., Washington, R., Todd, M.C., Rudich, Y., Martins, J.V. & Rosenfeld, D. (2006). The Bodélé depression: A single spot in the Sahara that provides most of the mineral dust to the Amazon forest. Environmental Research Letters 1 (October–December 2006) 014005 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/1/1/014005http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/1/1/014005/fulltext/
Royal Institution website. John Tyndall's blue sky apparatus. http://rigb.org/our-history/iconic-objects/iconic-objects-list/tyndall-blue-sky
Travis, D.J., Carleton, A.M. & Lauritsen, R.G. (2002). Climatology: Contrails reduce daily temperature range. Nature 418, 601 (8 August 2002), doi:10.1038/418601a
Tyndall, J. (1869). On the Blue Colour of the Sky, the Polarization of Skylight, and on the Polarization of Light by Cloudy Matter Generally. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , vol. 17, (1868–1869), pp. 223-233.http://www.jstor.org/stable/112380
Tyson, P. (2006, April 18) The Contrail Effect: Are vapor trails from aircraft influencing the climate? PBS Nova website.http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/contrail-effect.html
Wikipedia. 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_eruptions_of_Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kull
Wikipedia. Rayleigh scattering .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh_scattering
Wikipedia. Tyndall effect .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyndall_Effect
21. Crash
Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation (website). Air Vice-Marshal V C Otter (44999) .http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Otter_VC.htm
BBC News website (2002, February 3). Shipping forecast loses household name .http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1798629.stm
Daston, L. (2005). Lumpers v. Splitters. Review of Predicting the Weather: Victorians and the Science of Meteorology by Anderson, K. London Review of Books , vol. 27 no. 21 pp. 21-22.http://www.lrb.co.uk/v27/n21/lorraine-daston/lumpers-v-splitters
Dickens, C. (1859). The Uncommercial Traveller .http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/914
FitzRoy, R. (1860). On British Storms. Report of the Thirtieth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement Of Science: held at Oxford in June and July 1860 .http://www.archive.org/stream/reportofbritisha61brit/reportofbritisha61brit_djvu.txt
Flickr user ‘maycontaintracesofnuts’. Pasujoba Paul searching for the crash site of Handley Page Heyford K6900, near Old Town, Hebden Bridge . Seen on Flickr website (account since deleted).
Flickr user ‘pasujoba’ (2010, February 27). Handley Page Heyford K6900: Furrow in which the plane came to rest . Flickr website.https://www.flickr.com/photos/pasujoba44/4392086837/
Lewis, S. (?) (undated). Aircraft down . New Mills website.http://www.stevelewis.me.uk/page17.php
McConnell, A. (2004). FitzRoy [Fitzroy, Fitz-Roy], Robert (1805–1865), hydrographer and meteorologist. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Oxford University Press.http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9639
Sydney Morning Herald (1936, December 14). Bombers Crash. Lost in Fog. Three Men Killed. 93 Air Force Deaths in 1936 .http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/17300354
Wikipedia. Handley Page Heyford .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handley_Page_Heyford
22. Boundary
Calderdale Council. Register of Ancient Monuments, Reference number 1015096: Churn Milk Joan .http://www.calderdale.gov.uk/environment/conservation/ancient-monuments/monuments-full.jsp?propno=HSVIE7DWL2000
Calderdale Council. Register of Ancient Monuments, Reference number 1018236: Millers Grave .http://www.calderdale.gov.uk/environment/conservation/ancient-monuments/monuments-full.jsp?propno=HSVLLEDWL2000
Clark, G. & Clark, A. (2001, January). Common Rights in Land in England, 1475–1839 .http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/faculty/gclark/papers/commons.pdf
Hughes, Ted (1994). Churn-Milk Joan. Elmet . Faber and Faber.
Northern Antiquarian website. Churn Milk Joan, Midgley Moor, West Yorkshire .http://megalithix.wordpress.com/2010/09/06/churn-milk-joan/
Northern Antiquarian website. Greenwood Stone, Midgley Moor, West Yorkshire .http://megalithix.wordpress.com/2011/11/07/greenwood-stone/
Northern Antiquarian website. Miller’s Grave, Midgley Moor, West Yorkshire .http://megalithix.wordpress.com/2009/05/27/millers-grave/
Northern Antiquarian website. Robin Hood’s Penny Stone, Midgley Moor, West Yorkshire .http://megalithix.wordpress.com/2011/03/10/robin-hoods-pennystone/
Wikipedia. Cup and ring mark .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark
Wikipedia. Inclosure Acts .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclosure_Acts
23. Grandeur
